{"id":36474,"date":"2021-02-11T14:24:20","date_gmt":"2021-02-11T11:24:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/?p=36474"},"modified":"2021-02-11T14:26:01","modified_gmt":"2021-02-11T11:26:01","slug":"te2-11-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/?p=36474","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 11 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0647\u0630\u0627\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\n\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f, \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (Open door policy) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (IMF) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (WB), \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a, \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\n\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629), \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631, \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642… \u0625\u0644\u062e), \u0648\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0631\u0649\n\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 (70)\n\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 1994.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u062a\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:\n\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 (\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 60% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010) \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 (\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\n45%\n\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010),\n\u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645, \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\n\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0633\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a, \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (External debt trap). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 5% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f) \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a, \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f\n\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629,\n\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627, \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\n\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f\n\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\n\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\n\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0641, \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645, \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\n\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0634\u062c\u062a\n\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0634. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 (1332 – 1406). \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0640”\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634”\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u061b \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0626\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (80%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629!<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\n\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\n\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629, \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\n\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648 ”\nPierre Bourdieu ” (1930\n– 2002). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634, \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646, \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a, \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c, \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0637\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639, \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u061b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.[1] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f (1978 – 2012) \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (35 \u2013 60) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631!<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\n\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a (\u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0635) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c, \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a,\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062a\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c…\u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f\n\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f\n(1978 – 2012) \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (35 \u2013 60) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\n\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631, \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\n\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f\n\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0626\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (80%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629\n\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.[2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649\n\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629, \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062a (25%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628\n\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628\n\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 “\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0635\u062d\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\n\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629.” \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a\n\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\n\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\n\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637, \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\n\u062f. \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (The\nCrisis The Model of Development) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a “\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\n\u0628\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642,\n\u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a,\n\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629,\n\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0628\u0644\n\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 “\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0641\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a “\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629, \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639, \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629.”[5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u062f\u0639\u064a “\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0642, \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.”[6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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“\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0646\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0640\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0646\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0646\u0650”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631\n\u062f. \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: “\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645, \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\n\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621\n\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647.”[7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0644\u0651\u0629, \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645,\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a, \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631, \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.[8] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 11 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647, \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a, \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f\n\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\n\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629, \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u062a\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a, \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646..\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a, \u06376, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\n\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0635157.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0631\u064a, \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628, \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646, \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633, \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2011,\u06359, \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_wysiwyg\/1011pp_yemeneconomy_arabic.pdf.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] \u062f. \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u064a, \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629..\n\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629,\n(\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629), \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621, 2014, \u0635228.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0640\u0640 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0633 (Thomas\nMalthus) (1766\n– 1834) \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\n\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 (2, 4, 8, 16,…) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1, 2, 3, …), \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\n\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 (Karl\nMarx) (1818\n– 1883) \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0633\u064a,\n\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644, \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a\n\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a, \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, 2013, \u0635411.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u063537.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] \u062f. \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\n\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, 2000, \u0635921.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u063535, (\u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a, \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0631\u064a, \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628, \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646,\n\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633, \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2011,\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_wysiwyg\/1011pp_yemeneconomy_arabic.pdf.\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3- \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\n\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, 2000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a, \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646.. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\n\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a, \u06376, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u064a, \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629,\n(\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629), \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621, 2014.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642, \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":36478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1397,4],"tags":[280,6761,6763,6762],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36474"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36474"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36479,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36474\/revisions\/36479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/36478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36474"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}