{"id":35425,"date":"2020-11-21T19:51:41","date_gmt":"2020-11-21T16:51:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/?p=35425"},"modified":"2020-11-21T19:53:10","modified_gmt":"2020-11-21T16:53:10","slug":"35425","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/?p=35425","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\/ \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0640 \u0639\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)<\/strong>
\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 (COVID-19) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631, \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a (Ecological imbalance) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a (Environmental pollution) \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 (Ozone whole), \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a Global Warming) ) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CFC) \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO) \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO2) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (Nox) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (CH4) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0643 (1944 – 2015), \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (World Risk Society) \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627\u064e \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a, \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621.[1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e, \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636, \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645, \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646, \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0626\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627, \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0633 (SARS) \u201d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629\u201c2002, \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 (HPAI) 2003, \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0631 (H1N1 ) 2009, \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644 (MERS) \u201d\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201c 2015, \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 (COVID-19) 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)
\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636, \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d (Profit) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a (1928 – ), \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (Property) \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0629 (Free market) \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 (privatization).
\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (Economic growth) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0640\u0640 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0640\u0640 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a (1913 – 2012). “\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064d, \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645, \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627.”
\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a : “\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629, \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629.”[2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0640\u0640 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0640\u0640 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062d, \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0651\u0629, \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0650\u0644\u0629.
\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: “\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0644\u062a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627”, \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0632 (1938 – ) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0647\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647, \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 (1883- 1818) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627.
\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (Surplus value) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644.”[3]
\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635, \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0640\u0640 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0640\u0640 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631, \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 : “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627, \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628, \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b.”[4]
\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0624 (Reification) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0634 (1885-1971) \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639, \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 (Alienation) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)
\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f, \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 “\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 (1911- 2004) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0651\u0645 “\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a” \u0648\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0633\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064b \u063a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.
\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a (The real economy) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a (The Bubble Economy) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0646, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064f\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628.
\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 1% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 1% \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u064799% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0640\u0640 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u063a\u0630\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0650\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a, \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629, \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a.[5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u064a\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 1873 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 1929 “\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631” \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 1971 “\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632” \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 1979 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 1984 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 1989 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 1997\u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 2001 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 2008 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 2020 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062f.\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 (1931- 2018).
\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647\u0627.
\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:[6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)
\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (WB)\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (IMF), \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (WTO), \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (MNC), \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628, \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645, \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f, \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a, \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642,\u2026\u0625\u0644\u062e, \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631, \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645, \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639”, \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062f.\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 (1927- 2010): “\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646, \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631, \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631, \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627, \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0634\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648, \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a.
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629, \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631, \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645”[7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f1200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0623\u0646 75 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629, \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642!
\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0647. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a, \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b, \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629, \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646, \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644, \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645, \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. (\u2026) \u0644\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a, \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062d\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629, \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629, \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633: “\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646, \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c, \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645, \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f, \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0643\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u062f, \u0648\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.”[8]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5)
\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0640\u0640 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0640\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b, \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641” \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629, \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0651\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:
\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0647.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645.[9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a \u0640 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646, \u0645\u064f\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0627: \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 (1926 – 1984)\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641” \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0646\u0651 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644” \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0627 (1952 – )[10], \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1948- 2009) \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064021 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a (Zombie) \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629, \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0631 (1923- ) \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646, \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639, \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631, \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645, \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629, \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u2026\u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0640\u0640 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0640\u0640 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d, \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633 (BRICS) \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a[11].
\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.
\u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629, \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062f. \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629:[12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u00ab\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u00bb \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0651. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642- \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631- \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.” \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 “\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628” \u0643\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0643, \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.. \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f, \u062a: \u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629, \u06371\/2013.
[2]\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a, \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u06371\/1977, \u06355.
[3] \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f , \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0641, \u062a: \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646, \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (8), \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645, \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648, 1987, \u063549.
[4] \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a 1844, \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633, \u062a: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0635 68-69.
[5] \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0643\u064a, \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631, \u062a: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649, \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629, 2012, \u063528.
[6] \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0632\u064a\u0632, \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629, \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c, \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644: 4 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2014.
[7] \u062f. \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627, \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639, \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (64), \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1983, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628, \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a, \u06357,8.
[8] \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646: \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633, \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a 14 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1856 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628, \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u06371\/2010, \u063527.
[9] \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646: \u062f.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u0637 3\/1983, \u063543.
[10] \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647, \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629!
[11] \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644: \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.
[12] \u062f. \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646, \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646, \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644: https:\/\/www.ahewar.org\/debat\/show.art.asp?aid=617519<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\/ \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0640 \u0639\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a (1)\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 (COVID-19) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631, \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0651\u062a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":35424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[6659],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35425"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35425"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35427,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35425\/revisions\/35427"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/35424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almoaten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}